Baseball - Rules and History

Baseball is a sport played with a bat and ball. It isBy the late 1800's, the game of baseball as we
between two teams, each of which has nineknow it, had become the national pastime.
players. The winner of the game is the team thatBaseball has also become a world sport, being
has scored more runs at the end of nine innings.played amateurs and professionals alike in North
Runs are scored by hitting a thrown ball with theAmerica, parts of Central and South America and
bat and then running to touch as many bases asthe Caribbean, and parts of East and Southeast
possible before the ball can be caught and thrownAsia. The game is sometimes referred to as
back. The bases are arranged in a 90-foot squarehardball as compared to the game of softball
called a baseball diamond.which uses a larger ball and is played by teams
The batting team takes turns facing the pitcherwith more players.
of the opposing team who stands in the middle ofIn North America, professional Major League
the diamond on the pitcher's mound. The pitcher isBaseball is played by teams that are divided into
backed by the other eight players on his teamthe National League (NL) and the American
who are arrayed in such a way as to retrieve theLeague (AL).
ball quickly after it is hit. Their goal is to stopEach league has three divisions: East, West, and
players from getting on base (or advancing onceCentral. Every year, the champion of Major
they have gotten there).League Baseball is determined by playoffs that
The goal of the batter is to advance all the wayclimax in the World Series.
around the diamond and eventually come back toEach league produces four teams that make the
home plate, scoring a run. He can do this on hisplayoffs. These teams are made up of the three
own (by hitting a home run) or by scoring onregular season division winners, plus one team
subsequent batters' hits. One side wins when they(the "wild card team") that has the best record of
have scored more runs than the other at the endthe non-Divsion leaders.
of nine innings.Each league plays by a slightly different set of
One turn at bat for each team constitutes anrules. In the National League, the pitcher is
inning; nine innings make up a baseball game. Therequired to bat, per the traditional rules. In the
teams switch between batting and fieldingAmerican League, there is a tenth player, a
whenever the fielding team gets three outs ondesignated hitter, who bats for the pitcher, and
the batting team.who does not take the field when the opposing
Baseball is related to more than a few otherteam bats.
games that involve bats and balls. An earlyEach major league team has a "farm system" of
version of baseball, called rounders, was beingminor league teams at various levels. These
played in England over 250 years ago. As theteams allow younger players to develop as they
English and Irish immigrants came to America,gain on-field experience against opponents with
they brought the game with them.similar levels of skill.