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Article #1: Baseball overview

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Baseball is a sport played between two "farm system" of minor league teams at
teams usually of nine players each. It is various levels. These teams allow younger
a bat-and-ball game in which a pitcher players to gain experience against
throws (pitches) a hard, fist-sized, opponents with similar levels of skill.
leather-covered ball toward a batter on The distinct evolution of baseball from
the opposing team. The batter attempts to among the various bat-and-ball games is
hit the baseball with a tapered difficult to trace with precision. While
cylindrical bat, made of wood (as there has been general agreement that
required in professional baseball) or a modern baseball is a North American
variety of other materials (as allowed in development from the older game rounders,
many nonprofessional games). A team the 2006 book Baseball Before We Knew It:
scores runs only when batting, by A Search for the Roots of the Game, by
advancing its players—primarily via David Block, argues against that notion.
hits—counterclockwise past a series of The earliest known mention of the sport
four markers called bases arranged at the is in a 1744 British publication, A
corners of a ninety-foot square, or Little Pretty Pocket-Book, by John
"diamond." The game, played without time Newbery. It contains a wood-cut
restriction, is structured around nine illustration of boys playing "base-ball,"
segments called innings. In each inning, showing a set-up roughly similar to the
both teams are given the opportunity to modern game, and a rhymed description of
bat and score runs; a team's half-inning the sport. The earliest known American
ends when three outs are recorded against reference to the game was published in a
that team. 1791 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, statute
Baseball on both the professional and that prohibited the playing of baseball
amateur levels is popular in North within 80 yards of the town's new meeting
America, Central America, parts of South house. The English novelist Jane Austen
America, parts of the Caribbean, and East made a reference to children playing
Asia. The modern version of the game "base-ball" on a village green in her
developed in North America beginning in book Northanger Abbey, which was written
the eighteenth century. The consensus of between 1798 and 1803 (though not
historians is that it evolved from published until 1818).
earlier bat-and-ball games, such as The first full documentation of a
rounders, brought to the continent by baseball game in North America is Dr.
British and Irish immigrants. By the late Adam Ford's contemporary description of a
nineteenth century, baseball was widely game that took place in 1838 on June 4
recognized as the national sport of the (Militia Muster Day) in Beachville,
United States. The game is sometimes Ontario; this report was related in an
referred to as hardball to differentiate 1886 edition of Sporting Life magazine in
it from similar sports such as softball. a letter by former St. Marys, Ontario,
In the United States, professional Major resident Dr. Matthew Harris. In 1845,
League Baseball teams are divided into Alexander Cartwright of New York City led
the National League (NL) and American the codification of an early list of
League (AL). Each league has three rules (the so-called Knickerbocker
divisions: East, West, and Central. Every Rules), from which today's have evolved.
year, the champion of Major League He had also initiated the replacement of
Baseball is determined by playoffs the soft ball used in rounders with a
culminating in the World Series. Four smaller hard ball. While there are
teams make the playoffs from each league: reports of Cartwright's club, the New
the three division leaders, plus one wild York Knickerbockers, playing games in
card team with the best record among the 1845, the game now recognized as the
remaining teams in the league. In the first in U.S. history to be officially
National League, the pitcher is required recorded took place on June 19, 1846, in
to bat, per the traditional rules. In the Hoboken, New Jersey, with the "New York
American League, there is a tenth player, Nine" defeating the Knickerbockers,
a designated hitter, who bats for the 23–1, in four innings.
pitcher. Each major league team has a






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